AMH-GEN II, ANTI MULLERIAN
AMG is a hormone that is produced by Sertoli cells in men (in utero and after birth) and granulosa cells in women (only after birth). One of the main functions of AMG is to ensure the sex differentiation in the embryo, namely, the inhibition of the development of female reproductive organs from the rudiment, called the Mullerian duct (hence the very name of the hormone). It is known that up to 5-6 weeks of development the fetus has rudiments of both female (Mullerian duct) and male (Wolff's duct) reproductive organs. Synthesis by Sertoli AMG cells, which starts at 6-7 weeks, provides an inhibition of the development of female reproductive organs and the development of masculine. If the fetus has a mutation of the AMG gene or its receptor, then there is no inhibition, and the fetus simultaneously develops the reproductive organs of both sexes, at birth the child has primary sexual characteristics according to the male type and it is impossible to suspect this pathology. However, in the future this is one of the causes of male infertility. In female fetuses, the synthesis of AMG does not occur, which determines the sex differences in the level of AMH at birth - in boys this is a high level, in girls - almost undetectable. This allows you to use AMG to establish the sex of the child in doubtful cases and to identify the cause of impaired development of the genitals. In addition, in boys AMG provides a physiological process of lowering the testicles into the scrotum, thus, insufficient synthesis of it can lead to the development of cryptorchidism. To determine the tactics of conducting a boy - the advisability of surgical treatment - it is necessary to conduct differential diagnosis between cryptorchidism and anarchy. The optimal test in this case is to determine the level of AMH, which will be determined only in the case of cryptorchidism. In childhood, the dynamics of AMH levels in boys and girls has diametrically opposite direction - in boys gradual decline to the pubertal period, in girls, on the contrary, - increase. This allows you to use AMG to diagnose the pathology of puberty (premature or delayed). In adulthood, AMG provides for men the synthesis of androgens and spermatogenesis. A low level of AMH is observed with non-obstructive azoospermia. This allows us to use it for differential diagnosis between obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia, to identify the causes of male infertility. In childhood, the dynamics of AMH levels in boys and girls has diametrically opposite direction - in boys gradual decline to the pubertal period, in girls, on the contrary, - increase. This allows you to use AMG to diagnose the pathology of puberty (premature or delayed). In adulthood, AMG provides for men the synthesis of androgens and spermatogenesis. A low level of AMH is observed with non-obstructive azoospermia. This allows us to use it for differential diagnosis between obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia, to identify the causes of male infertility. In childhood, the dynamics of AMH levels in boys and girls has diametrically opposite direction - in boys gradual decline to the pubertal period, in girls, on the contrary, - increase. This allows you to use AMG to diagnose the pathology of puberty (premature or delayed). In adulthood, AMG provides for men the synthesis of androgens and spermatogenesis. A low level of AMH is observed with non-obstructive azoospermia. This allows us to use it for differential diagnosis between obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia, to identify the causes of male infertility. This allows you to use AMG to diagnose the pathology of puberty (premature or delayed). In adulthood, AMG provides for men the synthesis of androgens and spermatogenesis. A low level of AMH is observed with non-obstructive azoospermia. This allows us to use it for differential diagnosis between obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia, to identify the causes of male infertility. This allows you to use AMG to diagnose the pathology of puberty (premature or delayed). In adulthood, AMG provides for men the synthesis of androgens and spermatogenesis. A low level of AMH is observed with non-obstructive azoospermia. This allows us to use it for differential diagnosis between obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia, to identify the causes of male infertility. In women, beginning with the pubertal period, the synthesis of AMH occurs constantly in the granulosa cells of primordial follicles, regardless of the day of the menstrual cycle. The intensity of AMG synthesis most accurately reflects the woman's ovarian reserve and reproductive capacity. With age, the follicle pool decreases, and the level of AMH decreases to an undetectable level during the menopause. To date, the determination of the level of AMG is recognized as the most optimal test for assessing the ovarian reserve and the predictor of menopause. Physiological significance of AMH in women consists in regulating the maturation of folli